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Hobbs, Howard Frederick

Hobbs Gearless Drive

In July 2014, Radio ABC 891 sought suggestions from listeners about South Australians responsible for significant inventions.

Several listeners nominated Howard Frederick Hobbs invention that allowed cars to drive without gears.

NLA article

Frederick Hobbs (1902-1982), inventor, was born on 21 September 1902 at East Marden, Adelaide, fifth of six surviving children of South Australian-born parents James Harris Hobbs, fruit-grower, and his wife Mary Eliza, née Pitt. Educated at Prince Alfred College, as a boy Howard showed an aptitude for things mechanical. At 14 he built a full-size aeroplane (without wings) that was taxied around the family’s garden, powered by a motorcycle engine. On leaving school he worked at his father’s orchard and market garden at Paradise. He married Phyllis Dorothy Reid, a schoolteacher, at Payneham Methodist Church on 12 May 1925. Next year he applied for his first patent, an improved appliance for the grading of fruit.

Driving motorcars and lorries from an early age, Hobbs cherished an ambition to eliminate the need for gear changing. After many experiments he had a light car fitted with the `Hobbs gearless drive’ ready for testing; Professors (Sir) Robert Chapman and (Sir) Kerr Grant of the University of Adelaide found it satisfactory and simple to operate.1

Hobbs Gearless Drive Ltd was formed in 1931 to market the device and to administer the patent rights. In June 1931 Hobbs, with his wife and daughter, sailed for Britain, where he also took out patents. For the next thirty-five years the family were to live at Leamington Spa, Warwickshire where their two sons were born. Hobbs was unable to persuade car manufacturers to use the `gearless drive’: based on rotating weights, it incorporated a free-wheel clutch, or ratchet, which was probably the weakness in the device. Other inventors with similar ideas also failed to attract interest in their mechanisms.2

Shareholders in Hobbs Gearless Drive Ltd at an extraordinary general meeting in May, 1932 decided to increase the capital of the company to £20,000 by creating 7,750 additional ordinary share of £1. Mr J Hobbs, Henry’s son anticipated that the public trial of the invention would take place in England by the end of the month. It was also reported that a private trial in England was successful and results of public testing would be eagerly awaited.3

At a meeting of Hobbs Gearless Drive Ltd in June, 1933 in Adelaide, the managing director recommended to shareholders the abandonment of the project. Although a majority of the directors recommended the company should go into voluntary liquidation, shareholders did not adopt this recommendation. A more detailed report from British engineers was to be examined.4

In his report at the half—yearly meeting in February, 1934 of the Hobbs Gearless Drive, Ltd., the chairman (Mr. J. H. Hobbs) said “it was hoped that the larger model would be installed in a car and would be on the road within two or three months”. A shareholder mentioned that several car manufacturers were advertising automatic control. Mr. Hobbs pointed out that as their patent was an improvement on all other means of automatic control, such publicity would be to the advantage of the company. In the annual report of Hobbs Gearless Drive Ltd in December, 1934 it was stated that the model constructed that year had been installed in the 12 horsepower car for which it was designed. Dr. F.W. Lanchester, the consultant to the company, reported “the preliminary test to be quite satisfactory” and that he would continue to make more exhaustive tests.5

Mr Henry Hobbs had a trial run in the car in England before leaving for Australia and addressed shareholders at a meeting on December 20, 1934.

After engaging in war work, in 1946 Hobbs was helped by a wealthy industrialist to form Hobbs Transmission Ltd. He discarded the gearless drive and developed the `Mechamatic’ transmission. The new automatic gearbox was more complicated, with epicyclic gears and hydraulically operated friction clutches. Mechamatic, with four forward gears, unusual at that time, was lightweight and suitable for small cars. Many well-known makers built prototypes but the only one to reach production was the Lanchester Sprite, produced in 1955 by the Birmingham Small Arms Co. Ltd.

Lancaster Sprite

For financial reasons BSA soon abandoned the project. Westinghouse Brake & Signal Co. Ltd bought BSA’s shares in Hobbs Transmission and, anticipating its use in the Ford Cortina, built a factory at Manchester to manufacture the Mechamatic. When Ford decided not to proceed, Hobbs Transmission went into liquidation. In the 1960s Hobbs’s son David successfully drove a Lotus Elite fitted with the Mechamatic gearbox in international motor races. The family moved to Napton, near Rugby, about 1965 and Hobbs and his son John set up a workshop. They went back to the original concept of the infinitely variable drive, but this time hydraulic, not mechanical. Hobbs took out an Australian patent in the name of Variable Kinetic Drives Ltd, but like its predecessors this also failed commercially. In 1977 Hobbs was invited to participate in the British Genius Exhibition at Battersea. Hobbs was a keen golfer, playing to a handicap close to scratch. His son David remembered him as friendly and likeable, with a sense of humour, but not forceful enough in business. Although regarded as a genius where automatic transmissions were concerned, he was not accepted into engineering societies because of his lack of qualifications. Survived by his wife, sons and daughter, he died on 15 December, 1982 and at Bulcote, Nottinghamshire, and was buried in England.6

Researched and compiled by Vaughan Williams & Sue Polkinghorn, from the Campbelltown Library “Digital Diggers” group.

If you have any comments or questions regarding the information in this local history article, please contact the Local History officer on 8366 9357 or hthiselton@campbelltown.sa.gov.au

References

  1. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Viewed March 10 2016. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hobbs-howard-frederick-12642
  2. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Viewed March 10 2016. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hobbs-howard-frederick-12642
  3. 1932 'HOBBS GEARLESS DRIVE', The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954), 20 May, p. 16. , viewed 10 Mar 2016, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article46859903
  4. 1933 'HOBBS' GEARLESS DRIVE.', The Brisbane Courier (Qld. : 1864 - 1933), 27 June, p. 10. , viewed 10 Mar 2016, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article22189446
  5. 1934 'Hobbs Gearless Drive, Ltd,.', The Advertiser (Adelaide, SA : 1931 - 1954), 28 February, p. 12. , viewed 10 Mar 2016, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article47540099
  6. Australian Dictionary of Biography. Viewed March 10 2016. http://adb.anu.edu.au/biography/hobbs-howard-frederick-12642
  7. Photo References
  8. 1954 'S.A. MAN'S AUTOMATIC GEARBOX IS SENSATION', Chronicle (Adelaide, SA : 1895 - 1954), 21 October, p. 47. , viewed 10 Mar 2016, http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article93986238
  9. Lanchester Sprite 1955. http://only-carz.com/data_images/models/lanchester-sprite/lanchester-sprite-12.jpg. Viewed 10 Mar 2016.